市售茶叶中重金属含量特征及其分析

为了解市售主要茶叶中重金属的含量情况,采集市售主要茶叶种类,采用高压密闭消解系统、电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)和原子荧光光谱法测定茶叶中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)的含量,并根据《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2012)、《茶叶中铬、镉、汞、砷及氟化物限量》(NY 659—2003)以及《绿色食品-代用茶中华人民共和国农业行业标准》(NY/T 2140—2012)分析了市售茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As的含量特征。结果显示,茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As含量范围分别为0.1~1.67、0.0006~0.085、0.00021~0.022、0.00~0.78 mg/kg,所有茶叶样品Pb、Cd、Hg均符合相关标准。但1.9%茶叶样品中As含量超过国内《绿色食品-代用茶》中As的标准(As≤0.5 mg/kg),超标样品为散装黑茶。茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As含量具有一定的相关性,Pb与As、Hg、Cd元素之间,Cd与As元素之间存在极显著相关。对市场中茶叶进行选择时,建议选择定型包装茶叶,产于广西的定型包装的茉莉花茶较安全;而市场中黑茶和散装茶质量差异较大,在选择相关茶叶商品时应根据其原产地、包装类型及单价分辨其质量的高低。     

农业重量物装卸机械应用现状及发展趋势

分析了目前国内外普遍采用的重量物装卸机械的应用及研究现状,介绍了它们各自的特点,并指出存在的问题,展望了未来农业重量物装卸机械的发展趋势。     

重金属污染土壤不同修复处理后的土壤动物群落结构特征

为了探讨重金属污染过的土壤经修复后其土壤生态的变化情况,于2014.12—2015.12期间,采用干漏斗法针对经过不同修复处理后的土壤动物群落结构进行追踪研究。研究结果表明:由于污染抑制了某些土壤动物的生存,导致土壤动物的个体数与类群数锐减;而杜绝污染水源后,修复植物根系土壤动物群类群数与个体数增加,并且蜱螨目、弹尾目和线虫纲等常见的土壤动物类群修复效果明显。说明被重金属污染过的土壤在断绝污染水源后,人工种植修复植物不仅可以改善土壤物理性质,而且对根系土壤动物也有修复作用。     

国内湿地重金属污染评价的研究进展

湿地作为地球上重要的生态系统之一,具有稳定环境、物种基因保护及资源利用功能,被誉为自然之肾、生物基因库和人类摇篮。随着近年来湿地面临着面积萎缩、功能下降、污染日趋严重等危机,国内外学者对湿地保持着持续关注与研究,其中对湿地重金属的污染评价就是湿地科学研究领域的重要内容之一。笔者通过对国内十多年来有关重金属污染方面的报道进行整理分析,回顾总结了湖泊、河流、三角洲以及滨海等类型湿地的底泥、水体及土壤中重金属的污染现状与迁移特征,重点对重金属的种类、空间分布以及分析方法等进行总结归纳。在众多研究成果中,对污染物评价的方法以地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法使用最多。     

菜用睡莲营养成分及重金属含量测定与评价

对绿梗菜用睡莲(Nymphaea tetragona)及红梗菜用睡莲的15营养成分和4种重金属含量进行了测定与评价。结果表明,1与104~140种(品种)新鲜蔬菜已知数据比较,绿梗和红梗菜用睡莲均有较高含量的维生素C、钠及较低含量的干物质、蛋白质、钾、钙、镁、铜、锌、磷及硒;绿梗菜用睡莲有较高含量的粗纤维、锰及较低含量的铁,红梗菜用睡莲有较高含量的铁及较低含量的粗纤维。2菜用睡莲是一种含钠量较高的蔬菜。3绿梗菜用睡莲营养成分含量总体高于红梗菜用睡莲。4湖北产区菜用睡莲的铅、砷、镉及汞等重金属含量符合食品安全国家标准的规定。     

湄洲湾水域海水、沉积物中砷及重金属的含量分析

根据湄洲湾20个点位4批次水样，1次沉积物样，用原子荧光、原子吸收和多功能极谱仪测定海水和沉积物中砷及重金属的含量。采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对湄洲湾水域海水和沉积物中的砷及重金属进行综合评价。结果表明，湄洲湾水域海水中的砷及重金属单因子污染指数Pi〈1，均符合第二类海水水质标准，内梅罗指数I〈1，总体...     

生态环境中重金属的化学形态转化及影响因素研究

提出了环境中重金属的化学形态发生转化的2种途径,探讨了影响此转化过程的环境条件,包括pH、氧化还原电位和吸附质表面的键合作用等。     

黄河三角洲台田间渗水池塘的水质变动规律分析

以黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘为研究对象,分析了渗水池塘的水质因子变动规律。结果表明:不同池塘间水质因子差异较大,但均表现出水体盐度较高、氮磷等营养物质含量较低、K+离子含量相对较低、Ca2+离子和Na+离子含量相对较高及K+/Na+显著低于正常海水等特点。结果说明,黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘的水质条件不适合直接进行水产养殖,应对水质调整后才可做养殖之用。     

Response of ammonia oxidizing microbes to the stresses of arsenic and copper in two acidic alfisols

Soil pollution by elevated heavy metals exhibits adverse effects on soil microorganisms. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria and ammonia oxidizing archaea perform ammonia oxidative processes in acidic soils. However, influence of heavy metal stress on soil ammonia oxidizers distribution and diversity is inadequately addressed. This study investigated the responses of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea to heavy metals, Cu and As during short-term laboratory experiment. Two different acidic alfisols named as Rayka and Hangzhou spiked with different concentrations of As, Cu and As + Cu were incubated for 10 weeks. Significant reduction in copy numbers of archaeal-16S rRNA, bacterial-16S rRNA and functional amoA genes was observed along elevated heavy metal concentrations. Ammonia oxidizing archaea was found to be more abundant than ammonia oxidizing bacteria in all the heavy metal treatments. The potential nitrification rate significantly decreased with increasing As and Cu concentrations in the two soils examined. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed no apparent community shift for ammonia oxidizing archaea even at higher concentrations of As and Cu. Phylogenetic analysis of archaeal amoA gene from 4 clone libraries indicated that all the archaeal amoA sequences were placed within 3 distinct clusters from soil and sediment group 1.1b of Thaumarchaeota. Our results could be useful for the better understanding of the ecological effects of heavy metals on the abundance and diversity of soil ammonia oxidizers.     

Interaction of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. and functional endophyte Pseudomonas sp. Lk9 on soil heavy metals uptake

Bioaugmentation is a promising method for assisting phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil, and the development of bioaugmentation-assisted phytoextraction requires the understanding of the mechanism involved in the interaction between plants and inocula. In this study, a pot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of bacterial endophyte Pseudomonas sp. Lk9 which can produce biosurfactants, siderophores and organic acids on the growth and metal uptake of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. growing in multi-metal-contaminated soil. The results revealed that Lk9 inoculation could improve soil Fe and P mineral nutrition supplies, enhance soil heavy metal availability, and affect host-mediated low-molecular-weight organic acids secretion, thereby significantly increasing S. nigrum shoot dry biomass by 14% and the total of Cd by 46.6%, Zn by 16.4% and Cu by 16.0% accumulated in aerial parts, compared to those of non-inoculated control. The assessment of phytoextraction showed that Lk9 inoculation elevated the bioaccumulation factor of Cd (28.9%) and phytoextraction rates of all metals (17.4%, 48.6% and 104.6% for Cd, Zn and Cu, respectively), while the translocation factors had negligible difference between Lk9 inoculation (3.30, 0.50 and 0.40 for Cd, Zn and Cu, respectively) and non-inoculated control (2.95, 0.53 and 0.42 for Cd, Zn and Cu, respectively). It was also found that the symbiotic association between S. nigrum and Lk9 significantly increased the soil microbial biomass C by 39.2% and acid phosphatase activity by 28.6% compared to those in S. nigrum without Lk9. This study would provide a new insight into the bioaugmentation-assisted phytoextraction of heavy metal-contaminated soils.